ASTM B1019 - Determination of Surface Oxides on Copper Rod(for Electrical Purposes)
A Comprehensive Guide to the Standard Test Method for Determining Surface Oxides on Copper Rod for Electrical Applications
Introduction: The ASTM B1019-21 standard delineates a precise laboratory procedure for assessing the thickness of surface copper oxide films on copper rods, particularly those manufactured in accordance with Specification B49 for electrical conductors. Here, we present an informative breakdown and a step-by-step test procedure based on this standard.
Scope
The methodology involves a quantitative, laboratory-based, electrolytic reduction technique and is guided by internationally recognized principles. The safety and environmental considerations associated with this test are the user's responsibility to establish and evaluate.
Referenced Documents
Documents such as ASTM Standards B49, B846, D1193, E177, E691, and several others form an integral part of this specification and provide in-depth insights into materials and test procedures.
Test Method Summary
The procedure determines the thickness of unreduced oxide films on copper rod surfaces using an electrolytic reduction method. The test requires a DC power supply, with the copper rod sample acting as a cathode and a platinum wire as an anode.
Test Procedure
Here’s a detailed step-by-step procedure:
1. Sample Preparation:
Ensure the copper rod sample is clean and free of contamination like fingerprints, tarnish, or oxidized surface.
Clean the sample with a cloth moistened with standard ACS grade acetone at room temperature.
Allow the sample to be exposed to laboratory conditions for a few days before the test.
2. Apparatus Setup:
Arrange a reaction cell, a source of DC current, a platinum anode, a reference electrode, and a recorder as illustrated in Fig. 1 of the standard document.
Connect the copper rod sample (cathode) and immerse a known surface area into the electrolyte.
3. Test Execution:
Initiate the tester and monitor until the voltage asymptote is reached, then stop the test.
Record the time taken to complete each reaction.
Observe the generation of gaseous hydrogen, signaling the completion of the reactions between the oxides and hydrogen ions.
4. Result Calculation:
Utilize the recorded time and voltage to calculate the thickness of each oxide present using Equation 1 provided in the standard.
5. Safety Protocols:
Adhere to standard laboratory safety measures and utilize appropriate personal safety equipment to mitigate any potential hazards.
Significance
The presence of copper oxide layers affects the surface quality of copper wires and the drawing process. This test is essential for assessing the effectiveness of cleaning techniques in limiting residual copper oxide layers, ensuring the quality and efficiency of the resulting electrical conductors.
Conclusion
The ASTM B1019-21 standard provides an invaluable methodology for evaluating the thickness of surface oxides on copper rods, promoting the manufacture of high-quality electrical conductors. By following this comprehensive test procedure, manufacturers and quality assurance professionals can effectively assess and enhance the quality of copper rods used in various electrical applications.