Health Risks
Asbestos and Associated Health Risks
Asbestos is a hazardous substance that poses serious health risks. However, exposure to asbestos does not always result in health problems. The risk of disease depends on several factors such as the concentration of asbestos fibers in the air, duration and frequency of exposure, time passed since exposure began, pre-existing respiratory conditions, and smoking habits.
Diseases Related to Asbestos Exposure
Inhaling asbestos fibers can cause tiny fibers to get lodged in the lungs, irritating lung tissues. Scientific research indicates that the following non-cancerous diseases can result from asbestos exposure:
Asbestosis: This is lung scarring caused by breathing asbestos fibers. The lungs become less effective at exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide, making breathing difficult. Typically, people who experience high levels of exposure over an extended period are at risk, but symptoms may not appear for years.
Pleural Disease: This non-cancerous lung condition causes changes in the membrane surrounding the lungs and chest cavity (pleura). The membrane may thicken throughout (diffuse pleural thickening) or in isolated regions (pleural plaques), or fluid may accumulate around the lungs (pleural effusion). While not everyone with pleural changes will have breathing difficulties, some may experience reduced lung function.
Asbestos exposure also heightens the risk of developing particular cancers, including:
Lung Cancer: A malignant tumor that invades and obstructs the lung's air passages. The likelihood of developing lung cancer increases significantly when smoking tobacco is combined with asbestos exposure.
Mesothelioma: A rare cancer that affects the membrane covering the lungs and chest cavity (pleura), the membrane lining the abdominal cavity (peritoneum), or the membranes around other internal organs. Signs of mesothelioma may not appear until 30 to 40 years after asbestos exposure.
Larynx and Ovary Cancer: Asbestos exposure can also cause cancer in the larynx and ovaries. Evidence also suggests that asbestos exposure may cause cancer in the pharynx, stomach, and colorectum.
Advice for Individuals Concerned about Asbestos Exposure
People concerned about asbestos exposure should visit their doctor or other medical provider. Based on the person’s detailed exposure and medical history and a physical exam, the doctor will determine whether additional testing is necessary.
After exposure, asbestos fibers cannot be removed from the lungs. Preventing further harm to the respiratory system can lower the chances of disease development or slow the progression of an existing disease. Preventative care guidelines related to asbestos exposure include:
Having regular medical check-ups
Getting vaccinated against flu and pneumococcal pneumonia regularly
Quitting smoking
Avoiding further asbestos exposure